My two cents worth- my husband's boyhood parrot did not fly; Sammy did not fly while he was with us, but he was already clipped. I was too ignorant when Precious came into our lives. I had her clipped. Now she is flighted. It has taken her quite some time to learn to fly. We are still concerned about her hurting herself, but I am unwilling to clipp her again. And there are too many examples of clipped birds who have been frightened and flown, not to be recovered. I cannot imagine EVER taking my bird out of doors without a harness, clipped or unclipped.